- Home /
- Software /
- Sketchboard /
- Sketchboard Alternatives
Top Sketchboard Alternatives & Competitors
Sketchboard is also listed in these categories:
Last Updated: August 26, 2026
Popular Alternative Software
Sponsor
All Competitors and Alternatives to Sketchboard
Best Paid & Free Alternatives for Sketchboard
MindManager MindMeister Lucidspark Miro Mural Padlet Stormboard XMind Aha! Ayoa Collaboard ConceptDraw MINDMAP FigJam LiquidTextOverview
MindManager is a dynamic Project Management Software that helps teams visualize, plan, and execute their projects more effectively. With its intuitive mind mapping interface, users can create project plans, set timelines, and allocate resources while gaining a clear overview of tasks and dependencies. MindManager allows for seamless collaboration among team members, enabling real-time updates and ... Read more about MindManager
Problem It Solves
-
Visualizing Complex Information For Better Decision-making And Project Management
Core Use Cases
-
Organize Information Visually
-
Enhance Team Collaboration
-
Streamline Project Management
-
Facilitate Brainstorming Sessions
-
Improve Decision-making Processes
Target Users
-
Project Managers
-
Business Analysts
-
Team Leaders
-
Educators
-
Strategic Planners
Industry Fit
-
Project Management
-
Education
-
Healthcare
-
Information Technology
-
Marketing
-
Finance
Key Features
-
User-friendly Interface
-
Real-time Collaboration
-
Customizable Templates
-
Advanced Visualization Tools
-
Cross-platform Compatibility
USP
-
Boost Productivity With Intuitive Mind Mapping And Seamless Collaboration
Pros
-
Visual mind mapping interface makes complex ideas easier to organize quickly
-
Flexible diagram types go beyond basic maps — timelines, flowcharts, org charts included
-
Connecting tasks to maps bridges planning and execution in one place
-
Export options cover PDF, Word, Excel, and PowerPoint without friction
-
Branch filtering helps large maps stay readable during presentations
-
Co-authoring support lets distributed teams edit shared maps in real time
-
Integrations with Microsoft 365 and Teams fit naturally into existing workflows
-
One-time purchase option available — refreshing alternative to subscription-only pricing
Cons
-
Subscription pricing climbs quickly for teams needing full feature access
-
Desktop-heavy experience leaves mobile users with noticeably fewer capabilities
-
Complex projects can feel overwhelming inside a cluttered canvas view
-
Newcomers often need significant time before navigating confidently through workflows
Pricing
Essential
$99 Per Year
Professional
$129.00 Per Year
Overview
MindMeister is an online mind mapping tool that facilitates creative brainstorming and collaborative planning. It allows users to visually organize thoughts and ideas using mind maps, which can be shared and edited in real-time with other users. The tool supports adding images, links, and notes to individual map nodes, enhancing the richness of the information presented. MindMeister offers various... Read more about MindMeister
Pricing
Personal
$3.50 Per Month
Overview
Lucidspark is a dynamic collaboration software that provides an online whiteboard platform for teams to brainstorm, ideate, and work together in real-time. The platform features intuitive drawing tools, sticky notes, templates, voting mechanisms, and breakout boards. Lucidspark integrates seamlessly with other productivity tools like Lucidchart, Slack, and Google Drive, enhancing workflow efficien... Read more about Lucidspark
Problem It Solves
-
Facilitates Collaborative Brainstorming And Idea Organization In Real-time
Core Use Cases
-
Collaborate In Real-time
-
Brainstorm Ideas Visually
-
Organize Thoughts Efficiently
-
Plan Projects Collaboratively
-
Capture Feedback Seamlessly
Target Users
-
Facilitators
-
Project Managers
-
Team Leaders
-
Educators
-
Creative Professionals
Industry Fit
-
Technology
-
Education
-
Marketing
-
Healthcare
-
Finance
-
Retail
Key Features
-
Real-time Collaboration
-
Intuitive Interface
-
Infinite Canvas
-
Sticky Notes And Templates
-
Integration With Other Tools
-
Voting And Feedback System
USP
-
Collaborate Visually And Brainstorm Ideas In Real-time
Pros
-
Infinite canvas feels natural for brainstorming sessions with large teams
-
Real-time collaboration works smoothly even with dozens of active participants
-
Freehand drawing tools add a personal touch to digital whiteboards
-
Timer and voting features keep remote workshops focused and productive
-
Sticky notes and color coding help organize chaotic idea clusters fast
-
Integrates cleanly with Slack, Google Workspace, and Microsoft Teams workflows
-
Templates cover everything from sprint planning to customer journey mapping
-
Even first-time users get comfortable within the first session
Cons
-
Whiteboard canvas gets cluttered fast without disciplined organization habits
-
Advanced facilitation features locked behind higher-tier subscription plans
-
Guest collaboration experience feels noticeably limited compared to full members
-
Performance slows down when boards carry heavy visual content
Pricing
Team
$10.00 Per User
Visual workspace for innovation where teams manage projects, design products, and build the future together.
4.6
(61 Reviews)Overview
<b>Miro </b>is a powerful online visual collaboration platform that enables teams to brainstorm, plan, and create together in a shared <b>digital workspace</b>. Acting as a virtual interactive whiteboard, it supports real-time collaboration regardless of location. Its intuitive drag-and-drop interface and wide range of pre-built templates make it easy for teams to organize ideas and manage project... Read more about Miro
Problem It Solves
-
Facilitates Collaboration And Brainstorming For Remote Teams In Real-time
Core Use Cases
-
Collaborate Visually
-
Brainstorm Ideas
-
Plan Projects
-
Design Workflows
-
Facilitate Meetings
Target Users
-
Facilitators
-
Project Managers
-
Designers
-
Educators
-
Remote Teams
Industry Fit
-
Marketing
-
Education
-
Design
-
Technology
-
Consulting
-
Project Management
Key Features
-
Collaborative Whiteboard Platform
-
Real-time Team Collaboration
-
Intuitive User Interface
-
Extensive Template Library
-
Integration With Popular Tools
-
Visual Project Management
USP
-
Collaborate Visually And Creatively With Miro's Intuitive Online Platform
Pros
-
Real-time collaboration feels genuinely smooth across large distributed teams
-
Canvas size is virtually unlimited, freeing complex brainstorming sessions completely
-
Hundreds of pre-built templates cut project kickoff time significantly
-
Sticky notes, flowcharts, and mind maps live in one place
-
Works well with Slack, Jira, and Google Workspace without friction
-
Presentation mode lets teams pitch ideas directly from the board
-
Free plan is generous enough for small teams to start
-
Video and chat built into boards reduces tab-switching fatigue
Cons
-
Infinite canvas becomes disorienting without intentional structure and discipline
-
Real-time collaboration slows noticeably when boards grow heavily populated
-
Advanced features and larger storage gated behind pricier plans
-
Guest access restrictions create friction during external stakeholder reviews
Pricing
Starter
$8 Per User
Business
$16 Per User
Increase connection and teamwork with our secure, flexible visual work platform.
5.0
(2 Reviews)Overview
Mural is a visual work platform that enhances teamwork by offering a secure and adaptable space for collaboration. It connects teams in shared spaces, stimulating creative thinking and better discussions. This tool places all elements of your projects in a clear context, aiding in efficient decision-making, especially for teams working remotely. It ensures data and employee security, adhering to G... Read more about Mural
Problem It Solves
-
Visual Collaboration And Brainstorming For Remote Teams
Core Use Cases
-
Collaborate Visually
-
Brainstorm Ideas
-
Plan Projects
-
Design Workflows
-
Facilitate Workshops
Target Users
-
Creative Teams
-
Project Managers
-
Educators
-
Remote Workers
-
Design Thinkers
Industry Fit
-
Retail
-
Healthcare
-
Education
-
Finance
-
Marketing
-
Technology
Key Features
-
Collaborative Workspace
-
Real-time Editing
-
Visual Brainstorming Tools
-
Template Library
-
Integration Capabilities
USP
-
Transforming Spaces With Vibrant And Captivating Art
Pros
-
Visual collaboration tools make brainstorming and workshop sessions more engaging
-
Real time teamwork features support remote and hybrid collaboration effectively
-
Large template library helps teams organize planning and design sessions faster
-
Sticky notes and diagramming tools improve ideation and meeting participation
-
Works well for agile planning, product discussions, and design thinking workshops
Cons
-
Large boards can become difficult to manage during complex projects
-
Performance may slow down with heavy visual collaboration sessions
-
Advanced facilitation features may require onboarding for new users
Pricing
Team+
$9.99 Per Month
Business
$17 .99 Per Month
Overview
Padlet is an intuitive content management software that allows users to create and collaborate on digital boards, where they can add multimedia content, share ideas, and organize projects. The platform is designed for both individual and team use, providing a visually engaging way to share notes, images, videos, documents, and links in a collaborative space. Padlet offers a wide variety of templat... Read more about Padlet
Problem It Solves
-
Facilitates Collaborative Brainstorming And Sharing Of Ideas In Real-time
Core Use Cases
-
Collaborate On Projects
-
Share Multimedia Content
-
Brainstorm Ideas
-
Organize Information Visually
-
Facilitate Remote Learning
Target Users
-
Educators
-
Students
-
Business Professionals
-
Creative Teams
-
Event Organizers
Industry Fit
-
Education
-
Corporate Training
-
Event Planning
-
Marketing
-
Creative Collaboration
-
Project Management
Key Features
-
Collaborative Platform
-
Real-time Updates
-
Customizable Layouts
-
Multimedia Support
-
User-friendly Interface
-
Secure Sharing Options
USP
-
Collaborate Seamlessly With Padlet's Intuitive Digital Canvas
Pros
-
Visual boards feel alive with drag-and-drop simplicity anyone masters fast
-
Real-time collaboration works smoothly across classrooms, teams, and remote groups
-
Free tier offers genuine usability without aggressive upgrade pressure
-
Supports text, images, links, audio, and video all in one board
-
Sharing a padlet takes seconds — no account needed for viewers
-
Teachers especially love how quickly students engage without technical friction
-
Clean, colorful interface makes organizing ideas feel less like work
-
Works equally well on mobile as it does on desktop
Cons
-
Mobile app experience feels noticeably limited compared to desktop
-
Free plan restrictions become frustrating for collaborative classroom use
-
Pricing jumps sharply once team or storage needs grow
-
Customizing board layouts beyond basics requires more trial than expected
Overview
Stormboard is an innovative collaboration software designed to foster teamwork and creativity within organizations. This platform enables users to brainstorm ideas, organize tasks, and collaborate in real-time, making it ideal for both remote and in-office teams. With features that allow users to create digital sticky notes, group ideas by themes, and conduct surveys, Stormboard enhances the brain... Read more about Stormboard
Problem It Solves
-
Facilitates Collaborative Brainstorming And Organization Of Ideas In Real-time
Core Use Cases
-
Brainstorm Ideas Collaboratively
-
Organize Thoughts Visually
-
Prioritize Tasks Effectively
-
Track Project Progress
-
Share Insights Easily
Target Users
-
Project Managers
-
Team Leaders
-
Remote Teams
-
Educators
-
Business Strategists
Industry Fit
-
Collaboration
-
Education
-
Project Management
-
Healthcare
-
Marketing
-
Technology
Key Features
-
Real-time Collaboration
-
Digital Sticky Notes
-
Customizable Templates
-
Task Management
-
Visual Brainstorming
USP
-
Collaborate Visually And Organize Ideas Effortlessly
Popular Integrations
Pros
-
Real-time collaboration feels genuinely fast across distributed teams
-
Sticky notes and canvas layout mirror physical brainstorming naturally
-
Templates cover agile, planning, and retrospectives without extra setup
-
Voting tools help teams reach decisions without endless back-and-forth
-
Exports to Word, Excel, and PDF keep stakeholders happy
-
AI-powered summarization turns messy sessions into organized reports quickly
-
Works well on both desktop and tablet without sacrificing functionality
-
Pricing tiers remain accessible for small teams and startups
Cons
-
Multiplayer editing can feel chaotic without a clear session facilitator
-
Template library feels narrower compared to dedicated whiteboarding competitors
-
Pricing climbs noticeably once team size or sticky note volume grows
-
Export options feel limited for teams needing polished deliverable formats
Pricing
Basic
$8.33 Per User
Overview
XMind is an innovative mind mapping software that facilitates creative brainstorming and idea organization for individuals and teams. This intuitive platform allows users to visually represent thoughts and concepts, enhancing clarity and fostering collaboration. With a variety of templates and diagram styles available, including tree charts and fishbone diagrams, XMind caters to different brainsto... Read more about XMind
Problem It Solves
-
Enhances Productivity Through Effective Mind Mapping And Idea Organization
Core Use Cases
-
Organize Ideas Visually
-
Brainstorm Collaboratively
-
Plan Projects Effectively
-
Analyze Information Clearly
-
Present Concepts Engagingly
Target Users
-
Students
-
Educators
-
Project Managers
-
Business Professionals
-
Creative Thinkers
Industry Fit
-
Education
-
Healthcare
-
Marketing
-
Project Management
-
IT Services
-
Consulting
Key Features
-
User-friendly Interface
-
Customizable Templates
-
Real-time Collaboration
-
Cross-platform Compatibility
-
Mind Mapping Tools
-
Export Options
USP
-
Unlock Your Creativity With Xmind's Intuitive Mind Mapping
Pros
-
Mind mapping software helps teams organize brainstorming and planning workflows visually
-
Clean interface makes idea structuring and project mapping easy to manage
-
Templates simplify creation of workflows, strategies, and presentation diagrams
-
Cross platform accessibility supports productivity across multiple devices
-
Presentation mode improves communication during workshops and meetings
Cons
-
Large mind maps can become difficult to manage visually
-
Advanced collaboration features are limited compared to teamwork platforms
-
Some export and premium features require paid plans
Pricing
Xmind Pro
$4.92 Per Month
Premium
$8.25 Per Month
Overview
Aha! is a comprehensive product management platform that helps organisations plan strategy, prioritise features, and build detailed product roadmaps in one centralized workspace. It allows teams to connect high level business goals with day to day development work, ensuring every product initiative supports overall strategy. The platform supports idea collection, release planning, progress trackin... Read more about Aha!
Problem It Solves
-
Aligning Product Strategy Feedback And Development Planning In One Unified Platform
Core Use Cases
-
Define Product Strategy And Goals
-
Prioritize Features And Ideas
-
Plan And Share Product Roadmaps
-
Collect And Analyze Customer Feedback
-
Coordinate Product Development Workflows
Target Users
-
Product Managers
-
Product Development Teams
-
Engineering Teams
-
Product Marketing Teams
-
Business Stakeholders
Industry Fit
-
Technology And Software
-
Financial Services
-
Healthcare
-
Telecommunications
-
E Commerce
-
Professional Services
Key Features
-
Product Roadmapping And Strategy Planning
-
Idea And Feedback Management
-
Agile Development Integration
-
Whiteboarding And Product Discovery
-
Release Planning And Tracking
-
Product Knowledge And Documentation
USP
-
Complete Product Development Suite Connecting Strategy Roadmaps And Delivery
Pros
-
Visual roadmaps look polished and impress stakeholders during presentations
-
Strategy-to-execution linking keeps goals tied to actual features
-
Customizable workflows adapt well across different team structures
-
Idea portal lets customers submit and vote on feature requests
-
Reporting dashboards surface meaningful progress without heavy manual effort
-
Capacity planning helps teams avoid overcommitting during sprint cycles
-
Integrates cleanly with Jira, Salesforce, and Slack without friction
-
Pricing scales reasonably for growing product teams needing depth
Cons
-
Pricing climbs steeply as team size and features scale up
-
Reporting customization feels limited for data-heavy product teams
-
Onboarding new members takes noticeably more effort than expected
-
Mobile experience falls short compared to the full desktop version
Pricing
Aha! Roadmaps
$59 Per Month
Aha! Discovery
$39 Per Month
Aha! Ideas
$39 Per Month
Aha! Whiteboards
$9 Per Month
Aha! Develop
$9 Per Month
Generate infinite ideas, accelerate learning, and increase productivity all in one app.
4.9
(2 Reviews)Overview
Ayoa is an innovative task management and mind mapping software that combines creativity with productivity. It's designed for individuals and teams seeking a visually engaging way to organize tasks and ideas. Ayoa stands out with its unique mind mapping feature, allowing users to visually brainstorm and structure thoughts. Users can convert these mind maps into actionable tasks, set deadlines, and... Read more about Ayoa
Problem It Solves
-
Enhances Team Collaboration And Productivity Through Visual Task Management
Core Use Cases
-
Brainstorm Ideas Collaboratively
-
Organize Tasks Efficiently
-
Visualize Project Timelines
-
Enhance Team Communication
-
Track Progress Effectively
Target Users
-
Creative Professionals
-
Project Managers
-
Educators
-
Students
-
Remote Teams
Industry Fit
-
Education
-
Healthcare
-
Marketing
-
Project Management
-
Creative Industries
-
Technology
Key Features
-
Intuitive Mind Mapping
-
Collaborative Task Management
-
Visual Project Planning
-
Real-time Collaboration
-
Customizable Templates
USP
-
Boost Creativity And Productivity With Ayoa's All-in-one Mind Mapping
Pros
-
Mind maps and task boards live inside one workspace
-
Switching between creative brainstorming and structured task management feels natural
-
Whiteboard canvas gives visual thinkers room to think freely
-
AI-assisted idea generation helps beat creative blocks fast
-
Task dependencies keep complex projects from falling apart mid-execution
-
Gantt-style timeline view adds scheduling depth beyond typical mind map tools
-
Works well for solo creatives and small collaborative teams alike
-
Mobile app retains most desktop features without feeling stripped down
Cons
-
Whiteboard and mind map features overshadow the core task management experience
-
AI suggestions feel more novelty than genuinely useful in daily workflows
-
Pricing climbs quickly once teams need collaborative or advanced features
-
Feels better suited to visual thinkers than structured project managers
Pricing
Monthly Plan
₹1,075 Per Month
Overview
Collaboard is an innovative software designed to facilitate interactive and collaborative online whiteboarding. It stands out for enabling real-time collaboration across teams, regardless of their location, making it an ideal tool for remote work and digital workshops. With Collaboard, users can draw, write, and brainstorm ideas on a virtual whiteboard, mimicking the experience of in-person collab... Read more about Collaboard
Problem It Solves
-
Enhances Remote Collaboration And Visual Brainstorming For Teams
Core Use Cases
-
Brainstorm Ideas
-
Create Mind Maps
-
Collaborate In Real-time
-
Organize Projects Visually
-
Plan Workflows
Target Users
-
Facilitators
-
Project Managers
-
Educators
-
Designers
-
Remote Teams
Industry Fit
-
Education
-
Healthcare
-
Marketing
-
Architecture
-
Design
-
Consulting
Key Features
-
Real-time Collaboration
-
Digital Whiteboard
-
Sticky Notes
-
Mind Mapping
-
Video Conferencing
USP
-
Collaborate Visually, Innovate Seamlessly, Achieve More Together
Popular Integrations
Pros
-
Real-time collaboration feels genuinely smooth across distributed teams
-
Whiteboard canvas scales well without slowing down during large sessions
-
Guest access works without requiring account creation, saving friction
-
Strong data privacy compliance makes it appealing for European enterprises
-
Offline mode lets users keep working without an active connection
-
Template library covers enough use cases to skip blank-canvas anxiety
Cons
-
Whiteboard canvas can feel overwhelming for first-time users
-
Real-time collaboration occasionally lags with larger distributed teams
-
Advanced features like analytics sit behind pricier subscription tiers
-
Offline functionality remains limited compared to desktop-native alternatives
Pricing
Advanced
$10 Per Month
Basic
$5 Per Month
Overview
ConceptDraw MINDMAP is a versatile mind mapping software designed to help individuals and teams brainstorm, organize ideas, and create visual diagrams. The software provides a user-friendly interface that allows users to quickly capture thoughts and structure them into organized mind maps. ConceptDraw MINDMAP supports various diagram types, including flowcharts, timelines, and organizational chart... Read more about ConceptDraw MINDMAP
Pricing
Basic
$199 Per User
Overview
FigJam is an online whiteboard software that facilitates real-time collaboration for teams, making brainstorming, planning, and design processes more interactive and efficient. Designed for remote teams and creative professionals, FigJam offers a flexible canvas where users can draw, write, and organize ideas using a variety of tools like sticky notes, shapes, and text boxes. It allows for seamles... Read more about FigJam
Problem It Solves
-
Facilitates Collaborative Brainstorming And Visual Problem-solving In Real-time
Core Use Cases
-
Collaborate In Real-time
-
Brainstorm Ideas Visually
-
Organize Project Workflows
-
Create Interactive Diagrams
-
Share Feedback Seamlessly
Target Users
-
Designers
-
Project Managers
-
Educators
-
Remote Teams
-
Product Developers
Industry Fit
-
Marketing
-
Education
-
Design
-
Technology
-
Project Management
Key Features
-
Collaborative Whiteboard
-
Real-time Editing
-
Sticky Notes
-
Customizable Templates
-
Integration With Figma
-
Intuitive Interface
USP
-
Collaborate Visually, Brainstorm Effortlessly, Create Together
Popular Integrations
Pros
-
Visual collaboration feels natural even for non-designers joining remotely
-
Built-in templates cut workshop setup time significantly
-
Sticky notes, voting, and timers live in one canvas
-
Real-time multiplayer works without lag during busy team sessions
-
Direct integration with Figma files removes the copy-paste handoff pain
-
FigJam AI helps generate diagrams and summaries surprisingly fast
Cons
-
Whiteboard canvas slows down noticeably when sessions grow very large
-
Template library feels thin compared to dedicated whiteboard competitors
-
Advanced diagramming options missing for technically complex workflow mapping
-
Standalone value weakens considerably without an existing Figma subscription
Pricing
Basic
$5 Per Month
Standard
$15 Per Month
Enterprise
$20 Per Month
Overview
LiquidText is an innovative PDF editor software designed for professionals who need more than just basic document viewing and annotation capabilities. Unlike traditional PDF editors, LiquidText allows users to interact with documents in a more dynamic and flexible way, offering features like free-form highlighting, note-taking, and document comparison. Its unique user interface allows you to pull ... Read more about LiquidText
Pricing
LiquidText Basic
$0 One-time
Why Trust SoftwareWorld
At SoftwareWorld, we believe choosing the right software or service partner should be based on clarity, credibility, and real insights, not marketing noise. Our mission is to help businesses make confident, data-driven decisions through unbiased research and structured evaluation.
We combine expert analysis, real user feedback, and market data to ensure every recommendation delivers practical value and helps buyers discover the most relevant solutions for their needs.
Our Review & Evaluation Process
Every software product and service provider listed on SoftwareWorld is evaluated through a multi-layered approach designed to highlight quality, relevance, and practical value.
- Verified user reviews and real-world feedback
- Product capabilities and core use cases
- Industry relevance and business fit
- Feature depth and innovation, including AI capabilities where applicable
- Market presence and vendor credibility
For service providers, we also review project portfolios, case studies, specialization areas, and delivery capabilities to help buyers compare partners more effectively.
How We Ensure Authentic Reviews
We prioritize review quality and reliability so buyers can make decisions based on genuine experiences rather than inflated or misleading signals.
- Reviews are assessed for quality, relevance, and duplication patterns
- Suspicious, low-quality, or biased submissions are filtered or removed
- Ongoing monitoring helps maintain long-term review integrity
This helps SoftwareWorld maintain a review environment focused on useful, decision-supporting insights.
Transparent Rankings, Not Pay-to-Win
SoftwareWorld does not rank products or service providers solely based on payments. Our category visibility is shaped by a mix of relevance, category fit, capabilities, market signals, and user value.
- Category relevance and specialization
- Product or service quality signals
- User feedback and engagement trends
- Business use case fit and market demand
Sponsored or featured placements, where applicable, are clearly identified to maintain transparency for buyers.
Built for Better Business Decisions
SoftwareWorld is designed to help buyers move from discovery to shortlist with confidence by offering structured comparisons, practical use case insights, and category-specific guidance.
- Clear comparison-focused content
- Practical use case coverage
- Decision-ready information for faster evaluation
Our goal is to reduce research friction and make it easier for businesses to choose solutions that match their real operational needs.
Our Commitment to Trust
We continuously improve our systems to maintain data accuracy, content transparency, and fair visibility across our platform. SoftwareWorld helps businesses discover, compare, and choose the right software and service partners through unbiased insights, structured evaluation, and real-world use cases.
FAQs About Sketchboard Alternatives
Yes! Depending on the product, you may find:
- Free Trial options like Padlet, MindManager, FigJam, Miro, ConceptDraw MINDMAP, XMind, Aha!, Lucidspark, Ayoa, Stormboard and LiquidText (test premium features before subscribing).
These no-cost or low-cost alternatives can be ideal for startups and small businesses with budget constraints, but often come with feature limitations or usage caps. Always check each option’s details to ensure it fits your specific needs.